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Duplicate JavaScript modules can slow down a website by requiring unnecessary downloads.

Inefficient animated content formats such as animated GIFs should be replaced by video.

This measures how long it takes a browser to render the first piece of content when someone visits a website.

This measures how long it takes a page to become fully interactive.

Avoid serving legacy JavaScript to modern browsers, only serving it to older browsers that require it.

External scripts dynamically injected via document.write() can delay page load by tens of seconds.

Lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images after all critical resources have finished loading can significantly increase website performance.

The image used by the largest contentful paint element should be preloaded to maximize performance.

Avoid multiple page redirects as they introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.

Delivering critical JavaScript and CSS inline and deferring all non-critical JavaScript and CSS can help prevent render blocking.

Server response times can be improved by optimizing server-side code or upgrading server hardware.

This indicates how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated.

Excessively large page sizes can lead to long load times for visitors.

Minifying CSS files can reduce payload sizes.

Minifying JavaScript files can reduce payload sizes and script parse time.

Reduce unused rules from stylesheets to decrease bytes consumed by network activity.

Reduce unused JavaScript and defer loading scripts until they are required to decrease bytes consumed by network activity.

Optimized images load faster and consume less network resources.

Add preconnect resource hints to establish early connections to important third-party origins.

Responsive images that are appropriately-sized save network resources and improve load time.

Text-based resources can be served with compression (gzip, deflate or brotli) to minimize network load.

Incorrect character encoding can result in garbled text and is properly declared in the charset attribute or the Content-Type HTTP response header.

Specifying a doctype prevents the browser from switching to quirks mode, which can cause a website to render in unexpected ways.

Users are mistrustful or confused by websites that request their location without context.

Images displayed with an incorrect aspect ratio look distorted.

Images should be responsive and proportional to the display size and the pixel ratio to maximize image clarity.

Unload event listeners do not fire reliably and listening for them can intefere with website functionality and browser optimizations.

Users are mistrustful of or confused by sites that request to send notifications without context.

Correctly setting the viewport optimizes websites for mobile screen sizes and also prevents delays to user input.

Console errors indicate unresolved problems that can lead to security issues.

Inspector issues indicate unresolved problems which can include security issues.

All websites should be protected with HTTPS including ones that don't handle sensitive data.

Some third-party JavaScript libraries contain known security vulnerabilities that are easily identified and exploited by attackers.

Preventing password fields from being pasted into undermines good security policy.

The value of an ARIA ID must be unique to prevent other instances from being overlooked by assistive technologies.

If the website doesn't specify a language correctly screen readers might not be able to read the text correctly.

Specifying a valid land attribute helps screen readers announce text correctly.

Labels ensure that forms are announced properly by assistive technologies like screen readers.

Link text that is discernible, unique, and focusable improves the navigation experience for screen reader users.

Disabling zooming and scaling is problematic for users with low vision who rely on screen magnification to properly see the contents of a website.

Valid canonical links tell search engines which version of a page to crawl and display to users in search results.

Search engines use correctly formatted links to crawl websites.

Search engine users rely on the document title to determine if a page is relevant to their search.

Many sites provide different versions of a page based on a user's language or region and hreflang links tell search engines the URLs for all the versions of a page so that they can display the correct version.

Pages with unsuccessful HTTP status codes may not be indexed by search engines properly.

Images should have a descriptive alternate text which is meaningful for search engines and users.

Search engines are unable to include websites in search results if they don't have permission to crawl them.

Descriptive link text helps search engines understand your content.

Meta descriptions may be included in search results to help convey website content.

Search engines can't index plugin content and many devices restrict plugins or don't support them.

A valid robots.txt is required for search engines to understand how to crawl or index a website.